A sectoral anatomy of the Spanish productivity puzzle
Autor
Fecha de publicación
30-mar-2020
Descripción física
43 p.
Resumen
Entre 2000 y 2016, la renta per cápita en España permaneció estable y representó en torno
al 90 % en relación con otros países avanzados de la Unión Europea (UE). Esta falta de
convergencia se debe en gran medida al estancamiento de la productividad laboral en
España. Este documento analiza este hecho desde una perspectiva sectorial, empleando
los datos recientemente publicados por EU KLEMS. Se observa que España presenta
unos niveles de productividad más bajos en comparación con otros países de la UE en
la mayoría de los sectores: solo 4 de los 23 sectores analizados muestran un mayor nivel
de productividad. Además, la asignación de empleo a sectores de baja productividad
representa la mitad de la brecha de productividad agregada entre España y la UE. En cuanto
a los cambios del período 2000-2016, la falta de convergencia se debe a una divergencia
en los niveles de productividad en relación con los países de la UE, especialmente en el
sector servicios. Finalmente, mientras que el capital tecnológico (TIC) y el no tecnológico
convergían hacia los niveles europeos, el bajo crecimiento de la productividad total
de factores (PTF) en la mayoría de los sectores explica la falta de convergencia en la
productividad laboral. Una posible explicación a la divergencia de la PTF y la convergencia
del capital tecnológico podría ser la presencia de complementariedades entre el capital
tecnológico y las habilidades de la fuerza laboral. De hecho, el análisis sectorial y por país
realizado sugiere que el bajo crecimiento de la PTF española podría estar relacionado con
un déficit significativo de las habilidades de la población, como indican los resultados
obtenidos en el PIAAC-OCDE.
Income per capita in Spain relative to that of other advanced EU countries held stable at around 90% from 2000 to 2016. Stagnant labour productivity is at the root of this lack of convergence. This paper examines these developments from a sectoral perspective based on recently released EU KLEMS data. Our main findings are as follows: i) Spain has lower productivity levels vis-à-vis other EU countries in most sectors, with only 4 out of 23 sectors exhibiting higher productivity in Spain: accommodation and food services, agriculture, electricity and gas supply, and information and communication services; moreover, the allocation of employment towards low-productivity sectors accounts for half of the aggregate Spain-EU productivity gap in levels; ii) turning to the changes in the 2000-2016 period, the overall lack of convergence is driven by a divergence in productivity relative to EU countries, especially within services sectors; iii) while both ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and non-ICT capital in Spain converged towards European levels, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) divergence in most sectors explains the lack of convergence in labour productivity. Finally, we explore one potential explanation for this pattern: the TFP divergence and ICT capital convergence can be rationalised in the presence of complementarities between ICT-capital and labour force skills. Indeed, our industry-country regression analysis suggests that the dismal performance of Spanish TFP might be related to the significant deficit in the population’s skills as proxied by PIAAC-OECD scores.
Income per capita in Spain relative to that of other advanced EU countries held stable at around 90% from 2000 to 2016. Stagnant labour productivity is at the root of this lack of convergence. This paper examines these developments from a sectoral perspective based on recently released EU KLEMS data. Our main findings are as follows: i) Spain has lower productivity levels vis-à-vis other EU countries in most sectors, with only 4 out of 23 sectors exhibiting higher productivity in Spain: accommodation and food services, agriculture, electricity and gas supply, and information and communication services; moreover, the allocation of employment towards low-productivity sectors accounts for half of the aggregate Spain-EU productivity gap in levels; ii) turning to the changes in the 2000-2016 period, the overall lack of convergence is driven by a divergence in productivity relative to EU countries, especially within services sectors; iii) while both ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and non-ICT capital in Spain converged towards European levels, Total Factor Productivity (TFP) divergence in most sectors explains the lack of convergence in labour productivity. Finally, we explore one potential explanation for this pattern: the TFP divergence and ICT capital convergence can be rationalised in the presence of complementarities between ICT-capital and labour force skills. Indeed, our industry-country regression analysis suggests that the dismal performance of Spanish TFP might be related to the significant deficit in the population’s skills as proxied by PIAAC-OECD scores.
Publicado en
Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2006
Materias
Labour productivity; Total Factor Productivity; Productivity gap; Labour force skills; Producción y mercado; Modelos econométricos; Mercado de trabajo; España
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