“Green regulation”: a quantification of regulations related to renewable energy, sustainable transport, pollution and energy efficiency between 2000 and 2022
Autor
Fecha de publicación
14-dic-2023
Descripción física
40 p.
Resumen
La consecución de un modelo de crecimiento sostenible desde el punto de vista medioambiental, el desarrollo de las energías renovables o la adopción de medidas de eficiencia energética son hoy cuestiones fundamentales en el análisis económico y forman parte sustancial del debate público. Sin embargo, si bien es cierto que existe una mayor concienciación social sobre estos temas, otra cuestión muy distinta es a qué ritmo estas preocupaciones se han ido traduciendo en normativa, fomentando o dificultando el desarrollo de nuevos mercados o tecnologías «verdes». Este trabajo propone un riguroso estudio empírico que identifica y cuantifica, a través del análisis de textos, todas las normas relacionadas con el «crecimiento verde» para cuatro bloques de materias (energías renovables, transporte sostenible, contaminación y eficiencia energética) dictadas por la Administración española (ya sea a escala nacional o para cada comunidad autónoma) durante el período 2000-2022. Esta investigación proporciona así una base de datos en formato de datos de panel. Entre otros resultados, hemos identificado 3.482 normas relacionadas con las energías renovables, 783 normas que se han ocupado del transporte sostenible, 108 relacionadas con la medición o gestión de la contaminación y 5.116 relacionadas con la medición (y gestión) de la eficiencia energética. Los resultados muestran que la normativa ofrece una gran variedad temática, presenta una importante diversidad regional y ha ido creciendo con el tiempo, especialmente en los últimos años, tras una cierta paralización durante la época de la Gran Recesión. La citada base de datos podría ser de ayuda para desarrollar futuros proyectos de investigación sobre los impactos de la regulación «verde» en algunas variables económicas o institucionales (como los conflictos medioambientales). El documento se completa con una comparación de la regulación de las energías renovables en Francia y en España a partir del análisis de textos. España muestra un volumen de regulación más alto y desagregado.
The achievement of an environmentally sustainable growth model, the development of renewable energies or the adoption of energy efficiency measures are nowadays fundamental issues in economic analysis and are a substantial part of the public debate. However, while there may be an increased social awareness of these issues, a different question is at what pace these social concerns have been translated into regulation, fostering or hindering the development of new markets or “green” technologies. This paper proposes a rigorous empirical study identifying and quantifying, through text analysis, all regulations related to four different subject blocks associated with “green growth” (renewable energies, sustainable transportation, pollution and energy efficiency), issued by Spanish national or regional governments over the period 2000-2022. This research thus constructs a database in panel data format. Among other results, we identify 3,482 regulations related to renewable energies, 783 regulations dealing with sustainable transportation, 108 on pollution management and 5,116 related to the measurement (and management) of energy efficiency. The results show that regulation is diverse by subject matter, reflects significant regional diversity and has increased over time, especially in more recent years, after a certain standstill during the Great Recession. This database could help develop future research projects on the impacts of “green” regulation on certain economic or institutional variables (such as “green” innovation or environmental conflict). The paper concludes with a comparison of renewable energy regulation in France and Spain, also based on text analysis. Spain shows a higher and more disaggregated volume of regulation.
The achievement of an environmentally sustainable growth model, the development of renewable energies or the adoption of energy efficiency measures are nowadays fundamental issues in economic analysis and are a substantial part of the public debate. However, while there may be an increased social awareness of these issues, a different question is at what pace these social concerns have been translated into regulation, fostering or hindering the development of new markets or “green” technologies. This paper proposes a rigorous empirical study identifying and quantifying, through text analysis, all regulations related to four different subject blocks associated with “green growth” (renewable energies, sustainable transportation, pollution and energy efficiency), issued by Spanish national or regional governments over the period 2000-2022. This research thus constructs a database in panel data format. Among other results, we identify 3,482 regulations related to renewable energies, 783 regulations dealing with sustainable transportation, 108 on pollution management and 5,116 related to the measurement (and management) of energy efficiency. The results show that regulation is diverse by subject matter, reflects significant regional diversity and has increased over time, especially in more recent years, after a certain standstill during the Great Recession. This database could help develop future research projects on the impacts of “green” regulation on certain economic or institutional variables (such as “green” innovation or environmental conflict). The paper concludes with a comparison of renewable energy regulation in France and Spain, also based on text analysis. Spain shows a higher and more disaggregated volume of regulation.
Publicado en
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2336
Materias
Eficiencia energética; Energías renovables; Transporte sostenible; Contaminación; Regulación; Complejidad normativa; Análisis de textos; Energy efficiency; Renewable energies; Sustainable transport; Pollution; Regulation; Regulatory complexity; Text mining; Energía y política energética; España
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