Green energy transition and vulnerability to external shocks
Autor
Fecha de publicación
9-ago-2024
Descripción física
48 p.
Resumen
Utilizamos un modelo de crecimiento endógeno calibrado a la medida de la economía española para evaluar los efectos de una rápida duplicación del precio internacional de los insumos de energía marrón. En la calibración de referencia del modelo, que se asemeja al estado actual de la economía española, esto se traduce en una caída del 0,30 % del PIB. Tras el aumento del porcentaje de energías renovables en el mix energético del 26 % al 85 %, de acuerdo con los objetivos de la economía española para 2050, la misma perturbación provoca una caída del PIB del 0,24 %, y la recuperación es más rápida: el valor actualizado de la respuesta total del PIB se reduce en un 65 %. Las tres conclusiones principales que extraemos de este ejercicio son las siguientes: i) un aumento de la cuota de renovables hace que la economía sea menos vulnerable a las perturbaciones externas en el precio internacional de los insumos de energía marrón; ii) esta reducción de la vulnerabilidad es menos que proporcional: dividir la cuota de energía marrón por aproximadamente cinco solo reduce entre un 21 % y un 65 % la magnitud de los efectos sobre el PIB, y iii) la principal estadística que determina cuánto se reduce la vulnerabilidad no es la cuota de insumos de energía marrón, sino el grado en el que los precios finales de la energía responden a la sacudida de los precios de la energía marrón.
We use an endogenous growth model calibrated to the Spanish economy to evaluate the effects of a rapid doubling of international prices of brown energy inputs. In the baseline calibration of the model, which resembles the current state of the Spanish economy, this results in a 0.30% drop in GDP on impact. After increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix from 26% to 85%, in line with the 2050 targets for the Spanish economy, the same shock results in a 0.24% fall in GDP on impact, and the recovery is faster: the present discounted value of the full GDP response is reduced by 65%. The three main conclusions that we draw from this exercise are: i) an increase in the share of renewables makes the economy less vulnerable to shocks in international prices of brown energy inputs; ii) this vulnerability reduction is less than proportional: dividing the share of brown energy by approximately five only reduceds the size of the effects on GDP by between 21% and 65%; and iii) the main statistic that determines how much the vulnerability is reduced is not the share of brown energy inputs, but the degree to which final energy prices respond to the shock to brown energy prices.
We use an endogenous growth model calibrated to the Spanish economy to evaluate the effects of a rapid doubling of international prices of brown energy inputs. In the baseline calibration of the model, which resembles the current state of the Spanish economy, this results in a 0.30% drop in GDP on impact. After increasing the share of renewables in the energy mix from 26% to 85%, in line with the 2050 targets for the Spanish economy, the same shock results in a 0.24% fall in GDP on impact, and the recovery is faster: the present discounted value of the full GDP response is reduced by 65%. The three main conclusions that we draw from this exercise are: i) an increase in the share of renewables makes the economy less vulnerable to shocks in international prices of brown energy inputs; ii) this vulnerability reduction is less than proportional: dividing the share of brown energy by approximately five only reduceds the size of the effects on GDP by between 21% and 65%; and iii) the main statistic that determines how much the vulnerability is reduced is not the share of brown energy inputs, but the degree to which final energy prices respond to the shock to brown energy prices.
Publicado en
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2425
Materias
Precios de la energía; Transición verde; Perturbaciones externas; Impuesto sobre el carbono; Energy prices; Green transition; External shocks; Carbon tax; Transición energética; Energías renovables; Impuestos medioambientales; Fluctuaciones y ciclos económicos; España
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