The EU-Mercosur agreement: analysis of its characteristics from a sectoral perspective
Authors
Issue Date
16-Jan-2026
Physical description
25 p.
Abstract
El acuerdo de asociación entre la Unión Europea (UE) y Mercosur (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay), culminado tras más de 25 años de negociaciones, busca establecer un mercado más integrado comercialmente entre dos regiones que, en conjunto, superan los 770 millones de personas. El acuerdo contempla la eliminación progresiva de los aranceles en más del 90 % del comercio bilateral. No obstante, ciertos productos, especialmente agrícolas en el caso de la UE, seguirán sujetos a los aranceles actuales o a reducciones limitadas mediante cuotas. En su conjunto, el acuerdo reduciría el promedio ponderado de los aranceles aplicados en el comercio entre ambas regiones, conocido como «arancel efectivo». Para Mercosur, el arancel efectivo pasaría del 11 % previo al acuerdo a apenas un 1 % tras su plena implementación. En el caso de la UE, el arancel efectivo se reduciría del 4 % al 2 %. Esta disminución refleja el impacto combinado de la liberalización arancelaria y las excepciones sectoriales acordadas. Además, el acuerdo incluye medidas para reducir las barreras no arancelarias, facilitar el comercio de las materias primas críticas, y garantizar estándares ambientales. Según estudios recientes, se calcula que el comercio entre ambas regiones podría aumentar en torno al 40 % a largo plazo.
The European Union-Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) Partnership Agreement (EMPA), reached after more than 25 years of negotiations, aims to create a more commercially integrated market between two regions that together represent over 770 million people. The agreement will progressively eliminate tariffs on over 90% of bilateral trade. However, certain products, particularly agricultural goods in the case of the EU, will remain subject to current tariffs or limited reductions through quotas. Overall, the agreement would lower the trade-weighted average applied tariff, the so-called “effective tariff”. For Mercosur, the effective tariff would drop from 11% before the agreement to just 1% after full implementation. For the EU, the effective tariff would fall from 4% to 2%. This reduction reflects the combined impact of tariff liberalisation and agreed sectoral exceptions. In addition, the agreement includes measures to reduce non-tariff barriers, facilitate trade in critical raw materials and uphold environmental standards. According to recent studies, trade between the two regions could increase by around 40% in the long term.
The European Union-Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) Partnership Agreement (EMPA), reached after more than 25 years of negotiations, aims to create a more commercially integrated market between two regions that together represent over 770 million people. The agreement will progressively eliminate tariffs on over 90% of bilateral trade. However, certain products, particularly agricultural goods in the case of the EU, will remain subject to current tariffs or limited reductions through quotas. Overall, the agreement would lower the trade-weighted average applied tariff, the so-called “effective tariff”. For Mercosur, the effective tariff would drop from 11% before the agreement to just 1% after full implementation. For the EU, the effective tariff would fall from 4% to 2%. This reduction reflects the combined impact of tariff liberalisation and agreed sectoral exceptions. In addition, the agreement includes measures to reduce non-tariff barriers, facilitate trade in critical raw materials and uphold environmental standards. According to recent studies, trade between the two regions could increase by around 40% in the long term.
Publish on
Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2601
Other versions
Subjects
Unión Europea; Mercosur; Acuerdo comercial; Aranceles; Barreras no arancelarias; European Union; Mercosur; Trade agreement; Tariffs; Non-tariff barriers
Appears in Collections:

