Diverging signals from economic uncertainty measures: Uncovering coherence through news narratives
Authors
Issue Date
20-Apr-2026
Physical description
75 p.
Abstract
La proliferación de indicadores de incertidumbre económica —que abarca desde los índices basados en texto, como el índice de incertidumbre de política económica (EPU, por sus siglas en inglés), hasta las medidas basadas en el mercado, como el VIX y el índice de estrés financiero a nivel país del Banco Central Europeo (CLIFS)— ha enriquecido el conjunto de herramientas analíticas de los economistas y responsables de políticas públicas. Sin embargo, estos indicadores a menudo divergen, emitiendo señales contradictorias sobre el estado de la incertidumbre en la economía. En este documento sostenemos que dicha divergencia no constituye una deficiencia, sino una característica inherente: cada indicador capta una dimensión distinta de la incertidumbre. Mediante técnicas de modelado de temas aplicadas a los corpus de noticias nacionales, construimos una taxonomía de narrativas de incertidumbre en cinco países europeos y clasificamos los episodios de divergencia entre el EPU y el CLIFS. Nuestros hallazgos revelan patrones sistemáticos: los picos del EPU están impulsados predominantemente por los desarrollos políticos e institucionales, los del CLIFS por las tensiones en los mercados financieros, y los picos conjuntos por las crisis sistémicas. Estos resultados subrayan la naturaleza multidimensional de la incertidumbre y destacan la necesidad de desarrollar marcos interpretativos estructurados. Al vincular el contenido narrativo con el comportamiento de los indicadores, nuestro enfoque ofrece una perspectiva novedosa para comprender la dinámica de la incertidumbre y proporciona herramientas prácticas para los investigadores y responsables de políticas en un entorno informativo cada vez más complejo.
The proliferation of economic uncertainty indicators —ranging from text-based indices like the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index to market-based measures such as the VIX and the ECB’s Country-Level Index of Financial Stress (CLIFS)— has enriched the analytical toolkit of economists and policymakers. Yet these indicators often diverge, sending conflicting signals about the state of uncertainty in the economy. This paper argues that such divergence is not a flaw but a feature: each indicator captures a distinct dimension of uncertainty. Using topic modeling techniques applied to national news corpora, we construct a taxonomy of uncertainty narratives across five European countries and classify episodes of divergence between the EPU and CLIFS indicators. Our findings reveal systematic patterns: EPU peaks are predominantly driven by political and institutional developments, CLIFS peaks by financial market stress and joint peaks by systemic crises. These results underscore the multidimensional nature of uncertainty and highlight the need for structured interpretative frameworks. By linking narrative content to indicator behavior, our approach offers a novel lens for understanding uncertainty dynamics and provides practical tools for researchers and policymakers navigating an increasingly complex informational environment.
The proliferation of economic uncertainty indicators —ranging from text-based indices like the Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) index to market-based measures such as the VIX and the ECB’s Country-Level Index of Financial Stress (CLIFS)— has enriched the analytical toolkit of economists and policymakers. Yet these indicators often diverge, sending conflicting signals about the state of uncertainty in the economy. This paper argues that such divergence is not a flaw but a feature: each indicator captures a distinct dimension of uncertainty. Using topic modeling techniques applied to national news corpora, we construct a taxonomy of uncertainty narratives across five European countries and classify episodes of divergence between the EPU and CLIFS indicators. Our findings reveal systematic patterns: EPU peaks are predominantly driven by political and institutional developments, CLIFS peaks by financial market stress and joint peaks by systemic crises. These results underscore the multidimensional nature of uncertainty and highlight the need for structured interpretative frameworks. By linking narrative content to indicator behavior, our approach offers a novel lens for understanding uncertainty dynamics and provides practical tools for researchers and policymakers navigating an increasingly complex informational environment.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2614
Subjects
Riesgos; Política económica; Riesgos financieros; Procesamiento del discurso; Fluctuaciones y ciclos económicos; Incertidumbre sobre la política económica; Incertidumbre financiera; Procesamiento del lenguaje natural; Datos de acceso abierto; Economic policy uncertainty; Financial uncertainty; Natural language processing; Open access data
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