Los swaps de divisas entre bancos centrales
Authors
Issue Date
29-Sep-2020
Physical description
30 p.
Abstract
El dólar continúa desempeñando un papel central en el comercio y los mercados financieros internacionales. La dependencia de los mercados mayoristas de corto plazo (repos, papel comercial, certificados de depósito, swaps) para obtener financiación en dólares hace especialmente vulnerables a los bancos de fuera de Estados Unidos ante shocks en estos mercados, como los de la crisis financiera global o la más reciente del coronavirus. Los mecanismos de gestión de crisis vigentes antes de la crisis internacional (el Fondo Monetario Internacional y las reservas internacionales) se vieron desbordados por esta. Solo la rápida creación de una red internacional de swaps de divisas, surgida gracias a la cooperación que hubo entre los mayores bancos centrales del mundo, consiguió restaurar el equilibro entre demanda y oferta de dólares durante las últimas crisis, evitando así las graves consecuencias que podrían haber tenido en los bancos de fuera de Estados Unidos.
As the US dollar plays a pivotal role in international trade and financial markets, non-US banks’ reliance on short-term wholesale funding markets (such as repo, commercial paper, certificate of deposit and swap markets) to finance their dollar assets makes them especially vulnerable to shocks in these markets, such as those arising from the global financial and COVID-19 crises. The crisis management mechanisms in place before the global financial crisis (the International Monetary Fund and international reserves) were overwhelmed by it. Only the rapid deployment of an international currency swap network, as a result of policy cooperation between the main global central banks, allowed equilibrium between dollar supply and demand to be restored and the severest consequences of the market strains for non-US banks to be avoided.
As the US dollar plays a pivotal role in international trade and financial markets, non-US banks’ reliance on short-term wholesale funding markets (such as repo, commercial paper, certificate of deposit and swap markets) to finance their dollar assets makes them especially vulnerable to shocks in these markets, such as those arising from the global financial and COVID-19 crises. The crisis management mechanisms in place before the global financial crisis (the International Monetary Fund and international reserves) were overwhelmed by it. Only the rapid deployment of an international currency swap network, as a result of policy cooperation between the main global central banks, allowed equilibrium between dollar supply and demand to be restored and the severest consequences of the market strains for non-US banks to be avoided.
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Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2025
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Subjects
Swaps de divisas entre bancos centrales; FMI; Sistema Monetario Internacional; Financiación en dólares; Bancos de fuera de Estados Unidos; Crisis financiera global; Crisis del coronavirus; Cross-currency basis; Prestamista de última instancia internacional; Cross-currency basis; International lender of last resort; Global financial crisis; Política monetaria; Activos derivados; COVID-19 crisis; International Monetary System; Bancos centrales y otras autoridades monetarias; Central bank swap lines; Dollar funding; Non-US banks; Cooperación e integración monetarias
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