Recent developments in Spanish retail electricity prices: the role played by the cost of CO2 emission allowances and higher gas prices
Authors
Issue Date
10-Aug-2021
Physical description
29 p.
Abstract
Entre diciembre de 2020 y junio de 2021, los precios mayoristas de la electricidad casi se duplicaron en España. De acuerdo con las estimaciones presentadas en este documento, una parte significativa de este aumento —alrededor del 20?%— vendría explicado por el encarecimiento observado, en el mismo período, en los precios de los derechos de emisión de CO2, cuyo efecto repercute directamente en los costes de generación de la energía eléctrica a través de tecnologías que hacen uso de combustibles fósiles. No obstante, la mayor parte del incremento —aproximadamente la mitad— provendría del aumento de los precios del gas, materia prima empleada por las centrales de ciclo combinado. La evolución de los precios mayoristas de la electricidad en otros mercados europeos ha sido similar a la del caso español. Sin embargo, existen diferencias sustanciales en cuanto a la traslación a los precios minoristas. En particular, el encarecimiento de los precios de la electricidad en el mercado mayorista habría explicado cerca de una tercera parte del aumento de la tasa interanual del índice armonizado de precios de consumo en España entre diciembre de 2020 y junio de 2021, mientras que su contribución a la inflación general de las principales economías del área del euro habría sido muy inferior. Las discrepancias en los sistemas de fijación de precios minoristas de la electricidad podrían estar detrás de las diferencias encontradas.
Between December 2020 and June 2021, wholesale electricity market prices almost doubled in Spain. According to our estimates, a substantial portion of the observed increase – around 20% – would be due to the rise in CO2 prices in the European ETS, which directly impacts the cost of generating electricity through fossil fuel technologies. Nevertheless, most of the increase – approximately half – would be attributable to the rise in natural gas prices, one of the inputs in combined cycle plants. Developments in wholesale electricity prices in other European markets have been similar to those in Spain. However, there are substantial differences regarding the pass-through to retail prices. In particular, the increase in the wholesale price of electricity would account for around one-third of the rise in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in Spain between December 2020 and June 2021, while its contribution to overall inflation in the main economies of the euro area has been significantly lower. Disparities in retail pricing schemes could be behind the observed differences.
Between December 2020 and June 2021, wholesale electricity market prices almost doubled in Spain. According to our estimates, a substantial portion of the observed increase – around 20% – would be due to the rise in CO2 prices in the European ETS, which directly impacts the cost of generating electricity through fossil fuel technologies. Nevertheless, most of the increase – approximately half – would be attributable to the rise in natural gas prices, one of the inputs in combined cycle plants. Developments in wholesale electricity prices in other European markets have been similar to those in Spain. However, there are substantial differences regarding the pass-through to retail prices. In particular, the increase in the wholesale price of electricity would account for around one-third of the rise in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in Spain between December 2020 and June 2021, while its contribution to overall inflation in the main economies of the euro area has been significantly lower. Disparities in retail pricing schemes could be behind the observed differences.
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Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2120
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Subjects
Inflación; Mercado eléctrico; Régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión (RCDE); Pass-through; Inflation; Electricity market; European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS); Pass-through; Servicios públicos; Recursos naturales y medio ambiente; Renta, empleo y precios; España
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