Rates of SARS-COV-2 transmission and vaccination impact the fate of vaccine-resistant strains
Authors
Issue Date
23-Aug-2021
Physical description
36 p.
Abstract
Se considera que las vacunas son la mejor solución para controlar la actual pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, la proliferación de cepas resistentes a las vacunas puede ser demasiado rápida para que su aplicación alivie la propagación de la pandemia, así como sus consecuencias económicas y sociales. Para cuantificar y caracterizar el riesgo de este escenario, utilizamos un modelo SIR con una dinámica estocástica para estudiar la probabilidad de aparición y transmisión de cepas resistentes a la vacuna. Usando parámetros que repliquen de manera realista la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2, modelizamos el patrón en forma de olas de la pandemia y consideramos el impacto que el ritmo de vacunación y la intensidad de las medidas de contención adoptadas tienen sobre la probabilidad de aparición de cepas resistentes a la vacuna. Como era de esperar, un ritmo rápido de vacunación disminuye la probabilidad de aparición de una cepa resistente a la vacuna. Sin embargo, aunque en principio pueda parecer contraintuitivo, cuando se produce una relajación de las restricciones en el momento en el que la mayoría de la población ya ha sido vacunada, la probabilidad de aparición de una cepa resistente a la vacuna aumenta considerablemente. En consecuencia, un período de contención estricta de la transmisión cerca del final de la campaña de vacunación puede reducir sustancialmente la probabilidad del establecimiento de cepas resistentes a la vacuna. Estos resultados, por tanto, sugieren la conveniencia de mantener las medidas y los protocolos de prevención durante toda la duración de la campaña de vacunación.
Vaccines are thought to be the best available solution for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, the emergence of vaccine-resistant strains may come too rapidly for current vaccine developments to alleviate the health, economic and social consequences of the pandemic. To quantify and characterize the risk of such a scenario, we created a SIR-derived model with initial stochastic dynamics of the vaccine-resistant strain to study the probability of its emergence and establishment. Using parameters realistically resembling SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we model a wave-like pattern of the pandemic and consider the impact of the rate of vaccination and the strength of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures on the probability of emergence of a resistant strain. As expected, we found that a fast rate of vaccination decreases the probability of emergence of a resistant strain. Counterintuitively, when a relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions happened at a time when most individuals of the population have already been vaccinated the probability of emergence of a resistant strain was greatly increased. Consequently, we show that a period of transmission reduction close to the end of the vaccination campaign can substantially reduce the probability of resistant strain establishment. These results, therefore, suggest the convenience of maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions and prevention protocols throughout the entire vaccination period.
Vaccines are thought to be the best available solution for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, the emergence of vaccine-resistant strains may come too rapidly for current vaccine developments to alleviate the health, economic and social consequences of the pandemic. To quantify and characterize the risk of such a scenario, we created a SIR-derived model with initial stochastic dynamics of the vaccine-resistant strain to study the probability of its emergence and establishment. Using parameters realistically resembling SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we model a wave-like pattern of the pandemic and consider the impact of the rate of vaccination and the strength of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures on the probability of emergence of a resistant strain. As expected, we found that a fast rate of vaccination decreases the probability of emergence of a resistant strain. Counterintuitively, when a relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions happened at a time when most individuals of the population have already been vaccinated the probability of emergence of a resistant strain was greatly increased. Consequently, we show that a period of transmission reduction close to the end of the vaccination campaign can substantially reduce the probability of resistant strain establishment. These results, therefore, suggest the convenience of maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions and prevention protocols throughout the entire vaccination period.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2129
Subjects
Transmisión del SARS-CoV-2; Vacunación; Cepas resistentes a vacunas; Modelo SIR; Dinámica estocástica; SARS-COV-2 transmission; Vaccination; Vaccine-resistant strains; SIR model; Stochastic dynamics; Seguridad social y programas de asistencia social; Métodos matemáticos y de programación; Métodos Econométricos y Estadísticos
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