Asset encumbrance and bank risk: theory and first evidence from public disclosures in Europe
Authors
Issue Date
25-Aug-2021
Physical description
53 p.
Abstract
En este trabajo mostramos que la sobrecolateralización de los pasivos garantizados bancarios se asocia de forma positiva con la prima de riesgo de su financiación no garantizada. Incorporamos esta idea en un modelo teórico en el que los costes derivados del gravamen de activos (asset encumbrance) provocan un aumento de los descuentos aplicables al colateral (haircuts) y aumentan el riesgo endógeno de una quiebra bancaria por riesgo de liquidez. Posteriormente comprobamos las predicciones del modelo utilizando un nuevo conjunto de datos sobre el gravamen de activos de bancos europeos. El análisis empírico demuestra que los bancos con mayores costes derivados del gravamen de activos presentan mayores tasas de sobrecolateralización y menor dependencia de la financiación garantizada. En línea con nuestro modelo teórico, estos efectos son de mayor magnitud en los bancos que se enfrentan a mayores descuentos por ventas de activos en situaciones de estrés. Los resultados apuntan a que el gravamen de activos aumenta el riesgo bancario, aunque esta relación es bastante heterogénea.
We document that overcollateralisation of banks’ secured liabilities is positively associated with the risk premium on their unsecured funding. We rationalize this finding in a theoretical model in which costs of asset encumbrance increase collateral haircuts and the endogenous risk of a liquidity-driven bank run. We then test the model’s predictions using a novel dataset on asset encumbrance of the European banks. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that banks with more costly asset encumbrance have higher rates of overcollateralisation and rely less on secured debt. Consistent with theory, the effects are stronger for banks that are likely to face higher fire-sales discounts. This evidence acts in favour of the hypothesis that asset encumbrance increases bank risk, although this relationship is rather heterogeneous.
We document that overcollateralisation of banks’ secured liabilities is positively associated with the risk premium on their unsecured funding. We rationalize this finding in a theoretical model in which costs of asset encumbrance increase collateral haircuts and the endogenous risk of a liquidity-driven bank run. We then test the model’s predictions using a novel dataset on asset encumbrance of the European banks. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that banks with more costly asset encumbrance have higher rates of overcollateralisation and rely less on secured debt. Consistent with theory, the effects are stronger for banks that are likely to face higher fire-sales discounts. This evidence acts in favour of the hypothesis that asset encumbrance increases bank risk, although this relationship is rather heterogeneous.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2131
Other versions
Subjects
Gravamen de activos; Colateral; Riesgo bancario; Swaps de incumplimiento crediticio (CDS); Asset encumbrance; Collateral; Bank risk; Credit default swaps; Regulación y supervisión de instituciones financieras; Sistemas bancarios y actividad crediticia; Riesgos y liquidez
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