House prices and misallocation: the impact of the collateral channel on productivity
Authors
Issue Date
16-Sep-2021
Physical description
78 p.
Abstract
En este documento se investiga empíricamente el impacto de la heterogeneidad en el incremento de los precios de la vivienda a nivel municipal en la ineficiente asignación del capital dentro de las industrias manufactureras. Utilizando el extraordinario boom inmobiliario que tuvo lugar en España entre 2003 y 2007, mostramos cómo las empresas manufactureras expuestas a mayores shocks locales en los precios inmobiliarios y con una mayor proporción de activos inmobiliarios potencialmente colateralizables recibieron más crédito por parte del sector bancario, y que su tasa de inversión creció más intensamente. Usando la variación geográfica a nivel municipal tanto en los precios de la vivienda como en la oferta de suelo urbano previa al boom inmobiliario, documentamos que el canal creado por el aumento del valor del colateral fue más potente para las empresas localizadas en áreas geográficas con restricciones de suelo disponible donde los incrementos del precio de la vivienda fueron mayores. La interacción de las condiciones geográficas que conducen a booms inmobiliarios heterogéneos con el impacto de la revalorización del valor del colateral en la inversión da como resultado un incremento de la dispersión de la ratio capital-trabajo dentro de las industrias manufactureras. Un simple cálculo del escenario contrafactual sugiere que la mala asignación de los recursos causada por la revaloración del colateral de las empresas podría explicar entre un cuarto y la mitad de la caída de la productividad total de los factores experimentada por el sector manufacturero español durante el boom inmobiliario.
This paper empirically investigates the impact of local house price booms on capital misallocation within manufacturing industries. Using the geographic variation provided by the salient Spanish housing boom (2003-2007), we show that manufacturing firms exposed to positive local house price shocks received more credit from banks and their investment grew more intensively when they had a larger proportion of collateralizable real estate assets. We exploit the geographical variation in both house prices and pre-boom urban land supply at municipality level to document that this collateral channel was exacerbated for firms located in urban land-constrained geographical areas where real estate appreciation was larger. The interaction of geographical conditions, that led to heterogeneous housing booms, with the collateral channel on investment resulted in an increasing dispersion of the capital-labor ratio within industries. A simple counterfactual calculation suggests that the misallocation generated by the collateral channel on investment could account for between one-quarter and half of the fall in TFP experienced in the Spanish manufacturing sector over the housing boom.
This paper empirically investigates the impact of local house price booms on capital misallocation within manufacturing industries. Using the geographic variation provided by the salient Spanish housing boom (2003-2007), we show that manufacturing firms exposed to positive local house price shocks received more credit from banks and their investment grew more intensively when they had a larger proportion of collateralizable real estate assets. We exploit the geographical variation in both house prices and pre-boom urban land supply at municipality level to document that this collateral channel was exacerbated for firms located in urban land-constrained geographical areas where real estate appreciation was larger. The interaction of geographical conditions, that led to heterogeneous housing booms, with the collateral channel on investment resulted in an increasing dispersion of the capital-labor ratio within industries. A simple counterfactual calculation suggests that the misallocation generated by the collateral channel on investment could account for between one-quarter and half of the fall in TFP experienced in the Spanish manufacturing sector over the housing boom.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2135
Subjects
Boom inmobiliario; Colateral; Ineficiencia asignativa; Productividad; Housing boom; Misallocation; Collateral channel; Productivity; Economía urbana y vivienda; Evolución y desarrollo económicos; Renta, empleo y precios; España
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