Regulating for competition with BigTechs: banking-as-a-service and "beyond banking"
Authors
Issue Date
30-Nov-2021
Physical description
36 p.
Abstract
En este artículo se analizan dos estrategias novedosas de competencia en el sector bancario: la banca como servicio (banking-as-a-service) y la prestación de servicios
más allá de la banca (beyond banking). Se argumenta que estos modelos de negocio emulan la penetración de las BigTech en la prestación de servicios financieros con el trasfondo de su actividad comercial. Pero estos modelos conllevan nuevos riesgos, que requieren respuestas regulatorias adecuadas en una doble vía. En primer lugar, se afirma que la regulación del modelo de competencia disruptivo de las BigTech —en la confluencia de los servicios financieros y la tecnología— precisa de instrumentos de coordinación novedosos entre las distintas áreas de política regulatoria involucradas (banca, pagos, competencia, tecnología digital y datos), así como de una nueva perspectiva sobre el tratamiento de los conglomerados mixtos que consolidan múltiples líneas de negocio y riesgos. En segundo lugar, el hecho de que la «banca como servicio» se base en un pseudo-leasing de la licencia bancaria a empresas no financieras, al objeto de ganar una base transaccional, plantea riesgos morales y de modelo que exigen tratamientos específicos, no muy diferentes de los aplicados al modelo de «originar para distribuir». Las perspectivas de éxito del modelo beyond banking son poco alentadoras en su versión extrema, en la que las entidades de crédito pasan a ser patrocinadoras de plataformas en toda regla, mientras que las versiones híbridas siguen conllevando nuevos riesgos.
This paper analyses “banking-as-a-service” and “beyond banking”, two emerging bank competition strategies. These business models are argued to emulate the transaction-based inroads that BigTechs have made into finance. But they entail new risks that call for adequate regulatory responses along a dual track. First, it is argued that regulation of the disruptive competition model of BigTechs at the confluence of finance and technology requires new tools to coordinate the different regulatory policies involved (banking, payments, competition, data, digital) and a new approach to the treatment of mixed business conglomerates that consolidate multiple business lines and risks. Second, the reliance of “banking-as-a-service” on a quasi-renting-out of the banking licence to non-financial companies as a way of obtaining a transactional base poses moral hazard and model risks that require specific treatments not unlike the originate-to-distribute business model did. The prospects for success of the pure version of the “beyond banking” model, where banks become sponsors of full-fledged platforms, are assessed as dim, but hybrid versions still entail new risks.
This paper analyses “banking-as-a-service” and “beyond banking”, two emerging bank competition strategies. These business models are argued to emulate the transaction-based inroads that BigTechs have made into finance. But they entail new risks that call for adequate regulatory responses along a dual track. First, it is argued that regulation of the disruptive competition model of BigTechs at the confluence of finance and technology requires new tools to coordinate the different regulatory policies involved (banking, payments, competition, data, digital) and a new approach to the treatment of mixed business conglomerates that consolidate multiple business lines and risks. Second, the reliance of “banking-as-a-service” on a quasi-renting-out of the banking licence to non-financial companies as a way of obtaining a transactional base poses moral hazard and model risks that require specific treatments not unlike the originate-to-distribute business model did. The prospects for success of the pure version of the “beyond banking” model, where banks become sponsors of full-fledged platforms, are assessed as dim, but hybrid versions still entail new risks.
Notes
Artículo de revista
Publish on
Revista de Estabilidad Financiera / Banco de España, 41 (otoño 2021), p. 115-150
Other versions
Subjects
Regulación bancaria; Banca como servicio; Datos; BigTechs; Open banking; Bank regulation; Banking-as-a-service; Beyond Banking; Competition policy; Data; Política de competencia; Fintech; Operaciones y política bancaria; Regulación y supervisión de instituciones financieras
Appears in Collections: