Has the 2021 general SDR allocation been useful? For what and for whom?
Authors
Issue Date
10-Aug-2023
Physical description
32 p.
Abstract
Ante la crisis del COVID-19, tanto el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) como otras instituciones multilaterales y distintos países tomaron medidas excepcionales. Entre otras, el FMI acordó la mayor asignación de derechos especiales de giro (DEG) de su historia, una asignación que más que triplicó el volumen de DEG para cubrir las necesidades globales de reservas y, en última instancia, apoyar a los países más vulnerables. Los países miembros pueden mantener sus DEG para aumentar sus reservas o emplearlos para, por ejemplo, cancelar deudas con el FMI, realizar préstamos al FMI o cambiarlos por divisas. Este documento evalúa cómo los miembros han utilizado la asignación de DEG de 2021. Los resultados muestran que en su mayor parte la asignación ha aumentado las reservas, si bien el 40 % de los países emergentes y más del 60 % de los de bajos ingresos han utilizado DEG para atender sus deudas con el FMI o para cambiarlos por divisas, principalmente con el fin de apoyar políticas sociales y de salud. Además, de acuerdo con el objetivo del G20 de canalizar 100.000 millones de dolares en DEG a países necesitados, los miembros con posiciones económicas sólidas han prestado voluntariamente parte de sus DEG a fondos fiduciarios del FMI que ofrecen financiación a países vulnerables en términos ventajosos.
In the face of the COVID-19 crisis, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), other multilateral institutions and countries took unprecedented measures. Inter alia, the IMF agreed on an historical SDR allocation that more than tripled the volume of SDRs to cover long-term global reserve needs and ultimately support vulnerable countries. Member countries can keep SDRs to boost their reserves or use them in other ways, including to cancel their debts with the IMF, lend to the IMF or exchange SDRs for currencies. This document evaluates how members have used the 2021 SDR allocation. The findings show that most of the allocation has been used to increase reserves, although 40% of emerging economies and more than 60% of low-income countries have used SDRs to service their debts with the IMF or to exchange for currency, mainly for budgetary purposes in relation to social and health policies. Furthermore, in line with the G20’s objective to channel USD 100 bn of SDRs to countries in need, members with sound economic positions have voluntarily lent some of their SDRs to IMF trusts that finance vulnerable countries in affordable terms.
In the face of the COVID-19 crisis, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), other multilateral institutions and countries took unprecedented measures. Inter alia, the IMF agreed on an historical SDR allocation that more than tripled the volume of SDRs to cover long-term global reserve needs and ultimately support vulnerable countries. Member countries can keep SDRs to boost their reserves or use them in other ways, including to cancel their debts with the IMF, lend to the IMF or exchange SDRs for currencies. This document evaluates how members have used the 2021 SDR allocation. The findings show that most of the allocation has been used to increase reserves, although 40% of emerging economies and more than 60% of low-income countries have used SDRs to service their debts with the IMF or to exchange for currency, mainly for budgetary purposes in relation to social and health policies. Furthermore, in line with the G20’s objective to channel USD 100 bn of SDRs to countries in need, members with sound economic positions have voluntarily lent some of their SDRs to IMF trusts that finance vulnerable countries in affordable terms.
Publish on
Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2318
Subjects
Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI); Derechos especiales de giro (DEG); Asignación de DEG; Liquidez; Cooperación internacional; IMF; Special drawing rights (SDRs); SDR allocation; Liquidity; International cooperation; Finanzas internacionales; Cooperación e integración económicas
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