The Spanish electricity sector in the face of rising gas prices and the Goverment measures rolled out in response
Autor
Fecha de publicación
4-ago-2023
Descripción física
36 p.
Resumen
El incremento de los precios de la electricidad, que alcanzó su máximo en agosto de 2022, ha afectado de forma diversa a las distintas actividades que se desarrollan en el sector eléctrico español. Este artículo analiza el impacto de dicho incremento sobre el sector, distinguiendo entre empresas generadoras y empresas comercializadoras, con especial atención a los resultados de explotación. En particular, se analiza la influencia sobre dichos resultados de aspectos como i) la incidencia de los contratos a plazo con precio fijo; ii) la exposición asimétrica a los incrementos de precios en los mercados mayoristas, o iii) la pertenencia a grupos verticalmente integrados, en el caso de las empresas comercializadoras. Asimismo, se analiza el efecto sobre el sector de las medidas desplegadas por las autoridades con el propósito de mitigar el impacto del encarecimiento de la electricidad sobre los hogares y las empresas de nuestro país. Entre estas medidas destacan, por ejemplo, el mecanismo ibérico para limitar el coste del gas empleado en la producción eléctrica o la minoración del denominado «exceso de retribución» surgido como consecuencia del aumento del precio del gas. Adicionalmente, se analiza también el impacto del gravamen temporal que las empresas energéticas deben pagar sobre la cifra neta de negocios de los años 2022 y 2023.
The increase in electricity prices, which peaked in August 2022, has affected the various activities carried out in the Spanish electricity sector differently. This paper analyses the impact of this increase on the sector, distinguishing between electric power companies and electricity retailers, paying special attention to their operating profit and, particularly, to the influence of aspects such as (i) the incidence of forward contracts with a fixed price, (ii) asymmetric exposure to price increases in wholesale electricity markets, or (iii) belonging to vertically integrated groups, in the case of electricity retailers. The effect on the sector of the measures rolled out by the authorities to mitigate the impact of higher electricity costs on households and companies in Spain is also analysed. Of note among these measures are the Iberian Exception (a mechanism to cap the cost of the gas used in electricity generation) and the temporary deduction of the so-called excess remuneration arising from higher gas prices. Lastly, this paper studies the impact of the extraordinary temporary levy that energy companies must pay on net turnover for 2022 and 2023.
The increase in electricity prices, which peaked in August 2022, has affected the various activities carried out in the Spanish electricity sector differently. This paper analyses the impact of this increase on the sector, distinguishing between electric power companies and electricity retailers, paying special attention to their operating profit and, particularly, to the influence of aspects such as (i) the incidence of forward contracts with a fixed price, (ii) asymmetric exposure to price increases in wholesale electricity markets, or (iii) belonging to vertically integrated groups, in the case of electricity retailers. The effect on the sector of the measures rolled out by the authorities to mitigate the impact of higher electricity costs on households and companies in Spain is also analysed. Of note among these measures are the Iberian Exception (a mechanism to cap the cost of the gas used in electricity generation) and the temporary deduction of the so-called excess remuneration arising from higher gas prices. Lastly, this paper studies the impact of the extraordinary temporary levy that energy companies must pay on net turnover for 2022 and 2023.
Publicado en
Documentos Ocasionales / Banco de España, 2316
Otras versiones
Materias
Energía; Mercado eléctrico; Precios de la electricidad; Costes de producción; Energy; Electricity markets; Electricity prices; Generation costs; Renta, empleo y precios; Servicios públicos; Energía y política energética; España
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