Analysing the VAT cut pass-through in Spain using web-scraped supermarket data and machine learning
Authors
Issue Date
30-May-2024
Physical description
49 p.
Abstract
El 28 de diciembre de 2022, el Gobierno español anunció una reducción del impuesto sobre el valor añadido (IVA) con carácter temporal para determinados productos. Los tipos de IVA se redujeron el 1 de enero de 2023 y se espera que vuelvan a su nivel anterior a mediados de 2024. Utilizando un conjunto de datos obtenidos mediante técnicas de web scraping, empleamos métodos de aprendizaje automático para clasificar cada producto. A continuación, estudiamos los efectos sobre los precios de la reducción temporal del tipo de IVA, analizando los precios diarios de aproximadamente 10.000 productos alimenticios vendidos online en un supermercado español. Para identificar los efectos causales sobre los precios, comparamos la evolución de los precios de los artículos sujetos a la medida (es decir, gravados por la política fiscal) con la evolución de los precios de un grupo de control (productos alimenticios fuera del alcance de la política). Nuestros resultados indican que, a nivel del supermercado, la traslación de la rebaja del IVA fue casi completa. Sin embargo, observamos diferencias en la traslación a los precios finales entre los distintos tipos de productos.
On 28 December 2022, the Spanish government announced a temporary Value Added Tax (VAT) rate reduction for selected products. VAT rates were cut on 1 January 2023 and are expected to go back to their previous level by mid-2024. Using a web-scraped dataset, we leverage machine learning techniques to classify each product. Then we study the price effects of the temporary VAT rate reduction, covering the daily prices of roughly 10,000 food products sold online by a Spanish supermarket. To identify the causal price effects, we compare the evolution of prices for treated items (that is, subject to the tax policy) against a control group (food items outside the policy’s scope). Our findings indicate that, at the supermarket level, the pass-through was almost complete. We observe differences in the speed of pass-through across different product types.
On 28 December 2022, the Spanish government announced a temporary Value Added Tax (VAT) rate reduction for selected products. VAT rates were cut on 1 January 2023 and are expected to go back to their previous level by mid-2024. Using a web-scraped dataset, we leverage machine learning techniques to classify each product. Then we study the price effects of the temporary VAT rate reduction, covering the daily prices of roughly 10,000 food products sold online by a Spanish supermarket. To identify the causal price effects, we compare the evolution of prices for treated items (that is, subject to the tax policy) against a control group (food items outside the policy’s scope). Our findings indicate that, at the supermarket level, the pass-through was almost complete. We observe differences in the speed of pass-through across different product types.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2417
Subjects
Rigidez de precios; Inflación; Precios de consumo; Heterogeneidad; Microdatos; Traslación del IVA; Price rigidity; Inflation; Consumer prices; Heterogeneity; Microdata; VAT pass-through; Impuestos indirectos; Renta, empleo y precios; España
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