Climate-conscious monetary policy
Authors
Issue Date
17-Nov-2023
Physical description
41 p.
Abstract
Estudiamos las implicaciones del cambio climático y las medidas de mitigación asociadas para la política monetaria óptima, utilizando un modelo neo-Keynesiano canónico con externalidades climáticas. Si están en su nivel socialmente óptimo, los impuestos al carbono no plantean ningún conflicto para la política monetaria: es posible y óptimo estabilizar completamente la inflación y la brecha de producción relevante para el bienestar. Si, de modo más realista, los impuestos al carbono son inicialmente subóptimos, surgen conflictos entre los objetivos primarios y los climáticos. Sin embargo, estos conflictos se resuelven de forma abrumadora a favor de la estabilidad de precios, incluso en escenarios en que la transición a una imposición óptima al carbono tarda décadas. Esto refleja la naturaleza no focalizada e ineficiente de la política monetaria (convencional) como instrumento climático. En una extensión del modelo con fricciones financieras y compras de bonos corporativos por el banco central, mostramos que un sesgo de dichas compras hacia bonos verdes es óptimo y acelera la transición ecológica. Sin embargo, su efecto sobre las emisiones de CO² y las temperaturas globales se ve limitado por el tamaño reducido de los diferenciales de los bonos elegibles.
We study the implications of climate change and the associated mitigation measures for optimal monetary policy in a canonical New Keynesian model with climate externalities. Provided they are set at their socially optimal level, carbon taxes pose no trade-offs for monetary policy: it is both feasible and optimal to fully stabilize inflation and the welfare-relevant output gap. More realistically, if carbon taxes are initially suboptimal, trade-offs arise between core and climate goals. These trade-offs however are resolved overwhelmingly in favor of price stability, even in scenarios of decades-long transitions to optimal carbon taxation. This reflects the untargeted, inefficient nature of (conventional) monetary policy as a climate instrument. In a model extension with financial frictions and central bank purchases of corporate bonds, we show that green tilting of purchases is optimal and accelerates the green transition. However, its effect on CO2 emissions and global temperatures is limited by the small size of eligible bonds’ spreads.
We study the implications of climate change and the associated mitigation measures for optimal monetary policy in a canonical New Keynesian model with climate externalities. Provided they are set at their socially optimal level, carbon taxes pose no trade-offs for monetary policy: it is both feasible and optimal to fully stabilize inflation and the welfare-relevant output gap. More realistically, if carbon taxes are initially suboptimal, trade-offs arise between core and climate goals. These trade-offs however are resolved overwhelmingly in favor of price stability, even in scenarios of decades-long transitions to optimal carbon taxation. This reflects the untargeted, inefficient nature of (conventional) monetary policy as a climate instrument. In a model extension with financial frictions and central bank purchases of corporate bonds, we show that green tilting of purchases is optimal and accelerates the green transition. However, its effect on CO2 emissions and global temperatures is limited by the small size of eligible bonds’ spreads.
Publish on
Documentos de Trabajo / Banco de España, 2334
Subjects
Política monetaria Ramsey-óptima; Externalidades climáticas; Impuestos al carbono pigouvianos; Expansión cuantitativa verde; Ramsey optimal monetary policy; Climate change externalities; Pigouvian carbon taxes; Green QE; Política monetaria; Recursos naturales y medio ambiente; Renta, empleo y precios; Política fiscal
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